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in the Qur'an, Hadith, History 
Fakhr al-Dيn al-Rلzي, Mu<ammad b. `Umar b. al-\asan, Abْ `Abd Allلh al-Shلfi`ي
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[Biographical Notes in 'Reliance of the Traveller', Noah (Nْ<) \ل Mيm Keller, USA: Sunna Books, 1991 CE, x122(a) (pp. 1045-6) ] Al-Fakhr al-Razi (w57.2) is Muhammad ibn `Umar ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn, Abu `Abdullah Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, born in Rayy, Persia (just south of present-day Tehran, Iran), in 544/1150. A Shafi`i scholar of genius and a mujtahid Imam in tenets of faith, he was among the foremost figures of his time in mastery of the rational and traditional Islamic sciences, and preserved the religion of Ahl al-Sunna from the deviations of the Mu`tazilites, Shiites, Anthropomorphists, and other aberrant sects of his era by authoring a number of brilliant works that came to enjoy a wide readership among his contemporaries and have remained popular with scholars to this day. His thirty-two-volume Koranic exegesis Mafatih al-ghayb [The keys of the unseen is one of the most famous of his works, though he also wrote on tenets of belief, heresiology, fundamentals of Islamic law and faith, scholastic theology, rhetoric, geometry, and poetry in Arabic and Persian, in both of which he was a preacher of considerable eloquence. His efforts to purify Islam from the heresies of anthropomorphists reached the point that when unable to answer his arguments against them, they resorted to writing ugly remarks and insinuations on scraps of paper and attaching them to the pulpit (minbar) from which he gave the Friday sermon. He arrived one day and read one of these, and then spoke to those present in an impassioned voice, saying: "This piece of paper says that my son does such and such. If it is true, he is but a youth and I hope he will repent. It also says that my wife does such and such. If it is true, she is a faithless woman. And it says that my servant does such and such. Servants are wont to commit every wrong, except for those Allah protects. But on none of these scraps of paper - and may Allah be praised -is it written that my son says Allah is a corporeal body, or that he likens Him to created things, or that my wife believes that, or my servant - So which of the two groups is closer to guidance?" He travelled to Khawarzim and Khurasan, and finally to Herat, Afghanistan, where he died in 606/1210 (al-A`lam (y136), 6.313; and Tabaqat al-Shafi`iyya al-kubra (y128), 8.81-89). [Mir'لt al-jinلn wa `ibrat al-Yaq~لn, al-Yلfi`ي, `Abd Allلh b. As`ad b. `Alي, Abْ al-Sa`لdلt al-Shلfi`ي al-Yamanي, Haydarabad: Ma>ba`at Dل'irat al-Ma`لrif al-Ni~لmiyyah, 1338/1920, events of year 606 ] قال اليافعي: وفيها الامام الكبير ، العلامة النحرير، الاصولي المتكلم، المناظر المفسر، صاحب التصانيف المشهورة في الآفاق، الحظية في سوق الافادة بالنفاق، الامام فخر الدين الرازي، أبو عبد الله محمد بن عمر بن حسين القرشي، التيمي البكري، الملقب بالامام عند علماء الاصول، المقرر لشبه مذاهب الفرق المخالفين، والمبطل لها بإقامة البراهين، الطبرستاني الاصل، الرازي المولد المعروف به، الشافعي المذهب، فريد عصره ونسيج دهره، الذي قال فيه بعض العلماء: خصه الله برأي هو للغيب طليعة، فيرى الحق بعين دونها حد الطبيعة، . . فاق أهل زمانه في الاصلين والمعقولات وعلم الاوائل، صنف التصانيف المفيدة في فنون عديدة . . وكل كتبه مفيدة، وانتشرت تصانيفه في البلاد، ورزق فيها سعادة عظيمة بين العباد. [al-Ghadيr fي al-kitلb wa'l-sunnah wa'l-adab, al-Amيnي, `Abd al-\usayn A<mad al-Tabrيzي al-Najafي, Beirut: Mu'assasat al-A`lamي (11 vols), 1414 AH/1994 CE, vol. 1, p. 153 ] أبوعبدالله محمد بن عمر بن الحسن فخرالدين الرازي الشافعي المتوفى 606، صاحب التفسير الكبير الشهير، ترجمه إبن خلكان في تاريخه ج 2 ص 48 وقال: فريد عصره ونسيج وحده، فاق أهل زمانه في علم الكلام والمعقولات وعلم الاوايل، ثم ذكر تآليفه، وقال إبن الاثير: كان إمام الدنيا في عصره، وذكر إبن كثير في تاريخه ج 13 ص 55، وبسط القول في ترجمته السبكي في طبقاته ج 5 ص 33 - 40 وأثنى عليه و بالغ في الرد على الذهبي في غمزه على المترجم في ميزان الاعتدال. The Ahlul Bayt DILP team does not necessarily agree with all of the statements and opinions expressed by the authors of these texts regarding their subjects. These are presented for the purposes of private research only. Presented by the Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project team |
