Many scholars of Tafseer say that Allah (SWT) called the Prophet Muhammad as O Messenger in very important matters which are related to conveying the message of Islam (Osool Al-Deen) while called him as O Prophet in matters which are related to day to day rules and regulations (Foroo' Al-Deen).
The Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) is the most knowledgeable among all the human beings as Allah (SWT) said in Quran to him: (Allah taught you whatever you did not know, and the grace of Allah on you was Great)(Sura 4, verse 113).
The Prophet was sent to teach people the knowledge of the book and the Wisdom (Sura 62, verse 2), so how come the greatest teacher for all human beings is claimed to be illiterate?
The claim that the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) was illiterate was fabricated by Bani Umayya who had a plan to degrade the status of the Prophet and his near ones, and raise the status of his opponents.
The tragedy of Thursday is narrated in the most important Sunni books including Bukhari ( 1:32 Baab Kitabat Al-'ilm) and Muslim 3; 1258 and Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal 1;222 and 3;346). The Prophet wanted to write a statement to protect his Ummah from deviation after him, but Omar ibn Al-Khattab objected on the Prophet and not only did not obey his order, but also prevented other Muslims from obeying the Prophet (SAWA).
Wassalam.
A literal reading of Twelver Shi'a hadith indicates that Allah created and appointed the prophet as a Prophet prior to his existence in this world. So it was not due to activities that he chose to do, such as mysticism, that he became a prophet.
Of course, he had some practices which can be called "mystical" such as spending time alone in the cave of Hira for worship. It is natural that someone who is very close to God would want to choose to do those activities.
My understanding is that the time "before" this world is outside of chronological time, and therefore Allah did this with full knowledge of what was before and after. So therefore Allah knew the Prophet's merits over all people, rather than just only pre-designing him as the Prophet. That is, it is a combination of the individual merit of the Prophet and the creational will of Allah. This was why he was born with 'ismah; otherwise, it might be unfair for Allah to grant some poeple 'ismah and not others. Other people may have different understandings. But in any case it was not solely due to the Prophet "earning" the prophethood through ascetic or mystical practices.
However, some other people, including some people who are not Muslims but who feel the Prophet was close to God, might see it this way and might agree with your view.
According to Twelver Shi'i belief, the Prophet had the knowledge of writing but did not do it.
In any case, this may be a technicality. In those days, people often dictated their letters rather than writing them themselves. So he probably would have given the pen to someone and told them what to write.
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