Salam
Ruling 630. Exhuming the grave of a believer – i.e. opening his grave – is unlawful, even if the grave belongs to a child or to an insane person. However, there is no problem if the body has completely decomposed and has become dust.
So the reason mentioned in the question is not a necessity to justify the exhumation
Barzakh is the world after this world which starts from death and goes on till the day of Judgment. It is mentioned in Quran (There is a Barzakh after their death till the day of they will be resurrected) (Sura 23, Verse 100).
Barzakh includes the grave but it is wider than the grave. Grave starts on burial but Barzakh starts on death which is before burial.
The pious believer's grave is a garden from the Paradise while the grave of the disbeliever is a ditch from the hellfire, as the Hadeeth states.
It is narrated that, before he passed away, Imam 'Ali (A) said that when they dug his grave, they would find a white rock shining with light and a shield, and that he should be buried by the shield. When the grave for Imam Ali (A) was dug, they found a white rock shining with light and a shield and on which was engraved: "This is one of the things which Nuh stored for 'Ali ibn Abi Talib."
This is related in Kitab al-Irshad (you can find the English edition online) and Bihar al-Anwar (vol. 42, p. 217).
Obviously, none of us were alive during the time of Nuh (A) to see with our own eyes whether or not this is true. However, it is possible that it happened, and there is no reason why it could not have happened.
However, it would have happened much more than 700 years before the time of Imam 'Ali (A) because Nuh lived a long time ago, although it is not certain exactly when he lived. Islamic narrations place him as being about 9 generations after Adam (A), although it should be kept in mind that people were said to have lived longer then.
Even if the heirs allow, it is not permissible to dig an existing grave to bury another dead body if the previous dead body still exists in the grave. If the previous dead body has completely decayed and became soil, then it will be permissible to bury another dead body in the grave which has no remaining. In such case, if the land of the grave was purchased by the heirs, their permission is must to bury another dead body in that empty grave.
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