Generally, this understanding is taken from what has been narrated about the revelation of a surah or ayat.
However, sometimes there are contextual clues. For instance, if a verse discusses a historical event that happened after the hijrah, such as the Battle of Badr, it is understood that it was revealed in Medina.
Also, the style and content of Meccan verses are somewhat different from the style and content of Medinan verses. The Meccan verses tend to be shorter and focus more on the existence of God, the afterlife, and important ethical points, whereas the Medinan verses tend to be longer and also discuss matters such as legislation. This isn't an absolute rule but also lends some evidence.
It is Not permissible at all. You must pray and fast according to the timing of the place where you live. Allah (SWT) ordered in Quran all Muslims to abide to the time of start of fasting which is Fajr, and end of fasting as the start of the night .(Sura 2, Verse 187).
Those who claim following different timings are deviating away from the clear orders of Quran and the authentic orders of the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA).
Marwan ibn al-Hakam and his father al-Hakam ibn al-Aass were banished
from Madina by the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) because they were abusing Islam and Muslims openly and trying to harm the Muslim community.
Al-Hakam ibn al-Aass was from Bani Ummaiyah. He was the uncle of Uthman ibn Affan. He was an open enemy against the Prophet (Peace be upon Him and His holy Progeny). His son Marwan Ibn al-Hakam was also expelled from Madina by Prophet (Peace be upon Him and His holy Progeny) for the same reason. Ayesha openly told Marwan that I bear witness that the Prophet cursed you and your father. When Uthman ibn Affan became the ruler over Madina after Umar, he brought Marwan ibn al-Hakam and gave him charge in his government and also he brought his father al-Hakam ibn al-aaass to Madina against the orders of Prophet (Peace be upon Him and His holy Progeny). Authentic Hadeeths in Sunni and Shia Books that the Prophet cursed Marwan and his father. The Prophet (SAWA) cursed al-Hakam ibn al-Aass and all the children from him. In the well known Sunni book (Al-Istiyaab Page 359 and 360 ) that when the Prophet saw Marwan ibn al-Hakam, said “Al-Wazagh ibnul Wazagh””Al Mal’aoon ibnul Mal’aoon””The Lizard Son of the Lizard” “The Cursed Son of The Cursed”.
Ameerul Momeneen (A.S.) said about Marwan that his hand is a Jewish hand. Mustadrak as-Saheehayn by Al-Hakim al-Nisaburi Volume-4 Page-479. Marwan Ibn al-Hakam was open enemy against Ahlulbayt upto the extend that when the news of the killing of Imam Hussain reached Madina he went on the Pulpit and faced the Prophet’s Shrine and said “This is against what you did against us in Badr . (Yaumun Ka Yaum Badr) as you killed us in Badr we have killed your Grandson Husain, this is in Murooj al-Thahab by Al-Mas’oodi.
There were two tribes of Arabs that welcomed the Muhajirun to Madina: they were the Aws and the Khazraj. Originally they were both Yemeni tribes from the line of Kahlan Ibn Saba' Ibn Yashjub Ibn Ya'rub Ibn Qahtan.
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