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Inisghtful question!

The Qur'an itself does not specify which prayer is the "middle prayer" (salat al-wusta) in Qur'an 2:238.

According to Shi'i hadith (via Imam al-Baqir and Imam al-Sadiq), the "middle prayer" is the noon (zuhr) prayer (and possibly specifically the Friday prayer).

This corresponds with the idea that the sun is in the middle of the sky at this time, and so it is a middle prayer.

Sunni scholars mostly say that it is the 'asr prayer, although some say it is the zuhr prayer, and a few say it is the fajr prayer (as you have suggested). These views are also based on hadith/interpretation of hadith and an interpretation of what is meant by 'middle'.

The Qur'an speaks to us all individually, and I don't think there is any problem if this ayah speaks to different people differently since it is reminding us to focus on our prayers. Some people may need more focus on their fajr prayer (possibly because they are sleepy!), while others may need more focus on their noon/afternoon prayers, because they are busy.

Allah knows best!

This question need a full book to answer it. These are few brief facts:

1. Every rule in Islam is based on the benefit of the human being whether we know that benefit or not as it is best known by Allah (SWT).

2. Allah, The Glorious Does not need anything but we need to worship Him properly to live a real human life with peace and success.

3. Worship in Islam is within the limits of our abilities and there is no obligatory worship more than our real ability.

4. More we worship Allah, more we get benefit and elevation and peace of mind.

5. The Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) and his holy Progeny Ahlul Bayt (AS) are the teachers who teach us and all the creatures the real worship of Allah.

I advise you to refer to the sermon of Lady Fatima (AS) in which you will see the wisdom and reasons behind the main worships in Islam.

Wassalam.

The names of Lady Fatima (A.S.) which are mentioned in our authentic narrations include Al-Zahra, Al-Siddiqa, Al-Mubarakah, Al-Tahirah, Al-Zakiyyah, Al-Raadiyah, Al-Mardhiyyah, Al-Muhaddathah, Ummul-A'immah, Al-Batool, and Umm Abeeha.

I could not find al-Muharraka among the names mentioned in our books.

Wassalam.

The name Zaid or Zayd is chosen by Imam Zainul Abideen for one of his sons. Zayd or Zayd Ibn Ali Ibn Al-Husain (AS) is the great grand father of Zaidi Sadat. 
‘There is a name of Zaidan in Arabic  which is from increase, but I did not find Zidan  among the known Arabic names.

Wassalam.