Sawm (Fasting)

Yes, it is recommended to pray Maghrib Prayer before breaking fast (Iftar) as Prayers is more important than breaking the fast, but it is not obligatory to do so. It is just recommended if there is no one waiting for you for Iftar and you do not feel weak if you pray before Iftar.

Wassalam.

Niyyat is nothing more than the intention in your mind or heart to fast for the sake of Allah (SWT). Just having this intention to fast the whole of the month of Ramadan is enough for the whole month.

Wassalam.

Yes it is valid. Reciting Du'a of fasting is not obligatory but just recommended.

Wassalam.

If you are Baligh, and broke your fast intentionally without any medical reason, you must seek forgiveness, and make up the fast of that day as Qadha fast after the month of Ramadan and feed 60 poor believers as Kaffara.

If you not Baligh, then there is no Kaffara, nor Qadha on you.

Wassalam.

Allah, The Creator of male and female, The All Knowing, The Most Merciful, The Most Wise, knows when girl becomes Baligh and when boy becomes Baligh. Our knowledge is very limited and we can not challenge His Knowledge, Wisdom and Mercy.

Girl becomes Baligh when she completes nine lunar years much before the age of a boy when he becomes Baligh. The wisdom behind it is best known to Allah, the Prophet (SAWA) and Ahlul Bayt (SAWA). The intellectual abilities of the girl become perfect when she completes nine lunar years, but boy needs more time to reach to that intellectual abilities. Baligh girl is not a child even if western society calls her a child. She think and weigh things in a different way if kids thinking. This might be one reason,but we always believe the Allah (SWT) knows the best.

Wassalam.

Suhur is the food or drink taken by the person who intends to fast in the last one sixth of the night before dawn which is called Sahar. It is highly recommended to have Suhur even very little or just water, but having Suhur is never obligatory in any type of fasting even in the month of Ramadhan. Suhur has nothing to do with the validity of any type of fasting.

Wassalam.

If the eldest son is unable for health reasons to keep the Qadha fast of his deceased father, any of his brothers or sisters can do that. If he has no brothers or sisters and has no money to pay for someone to do that, he should recite Estighfaar.

Wassalam.

Fasting the whole of the month of Ramadan is obligatory unless you are traveling or ill with an illness which is related to fasting or caused or worsened by fasting. If taking the antibiotics is must, then you can try to take it in the period fromMahrib till Fajr. If you need to take it during the day and you can not avoid it, then it will be medically necessary which allows you not to fast but you must keep Qadha of that fast which you missed after the month of Ramadan.

Wassalam.