1. The fact that all Muslims agree on is the superiority of Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) over all the previous prophets and he is the best of all the creatures of Allah.
2. Sura 3, verse 61 stated that Ali is Nafs means exactly like the Prophet (With out prophet hood obviously) which means that as the Prophet Muhammad is greater that all previous prophet, Ali who has the highest degree like him is having the she status over others.
3. In Quran , Sue 3, verse 34 Allah mentioned the progeny of the prophets that they are from the prophet and the Prophet. is from them ذرية بعضها من بعض.
Simply because the tyrant governments which followed the Saqeefa have supported their own sects and opposed the Fiqh of Ahlul Bayt (AS). They admit that their four leaders named in your question came long after Ahlul Bayt (AS) and were never more knowledgeable than Ahlul Bayt (AS). Abu Hanifa of the Hanafi sect was reported to claim that he studied under imam Jafar Al-Sadiq (AS) for two years and was nothing if those two years were not there لولا السنتان لهلك النعمان.
Fiqh of Imam Jafar Al-Sadiq (AS) is the exact Fiqh of the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) while the Fiqh of others are based in their own opinions and different understandings. Yet, many tyrant governments don’t consider Fiqh of Jafar Al-Sadiq (AS) just because of their political stand against Ahlul Bayt (AS) which they took it from their previous leaders of Saqeefa.
The most authentic books of Hadeeth are our four books ; Al-Kaafi, Al-Tahtheeb, Al-istibsaar and Manila Yahdharuhul Faqeeh. Yet we don't claim that every narration in these books is hundred percent authentic as every expert in Hadeeth has the freedom of research and freedom of opinion in the authenticity. We are not like some Muslims who claim that every narration in Bukhari is authentic, despite the fact that many narrations in Bukhari book is clearly against Quran and against the dignity of the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) e.g. false claims that he attempted suicide many times, he used to urinate while standing on the road and land of others, and many other false claims. (Look at A Journey in the two Saheeh by Sadiq Najmi).
Our scholars of Hadeeth have the research procedure continuous , not like others who closed the research on the Hadeeth and kept following blindly previous scholars.
if you want to know the authenticity of any Hadeeth,b you need to refer to the specialized scholar of your time. In general, the book called Al-Kaafi has the maximum number of authentic Hadeeths and it has more authentic narrations than the all six books of Hadeeth with our Sunni brothers.
There is big misunderstanding in your quoting of the Hadeeth in Salih Muslim. The Hadeeth is narrated from Malik ibn Aws مالك بن أوس from Omar ibn Al-Khattab that Omar told Abdullah Ibn Abbas that you and your cousin Ali Ibn Abi Talib looked at Abu Bakr and at me as liars, sinners, covenant-breaker and traitor. (Salih Muslim, 5;152).
'Omar was telling Abdullah Ibn Abbas what he and Ali (AS) thought about Abu Bakr and Omar.
This Hadeeth was narrated also in Musannaf Abdul Razzaq 5;472.
Bukhari has also narrated this Hadeeth from Musannaf Abdul Razzaq but he omitted two words from it.
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