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There are many books on the tragedy of Karbala e.g, The Tragedy of Karbala, published by Islamic Publishing Hiuse, The Battle of Karbala published by Forgotten Books, Karbala and Beyond by Yasin Al-Jiboyri, The Matryr of Karbala published by Zam Zam Publishers and many other books.
About the life of the 12 Imams you can read Kitab Al-Irshad by Shaikh Al-Mufeed which is a good book translated in English and available online.

'Wassalam.

Yes. It is a fact admitted in main Sunni books that Umar ibn al-Khattab ran away from Uhud and Hunain and Khaibar.
1. Saheeh Al-Bukhari; Hadeeth number 3978 which is very clear that Umar b. Khattab ran away from the battle of Hunain with those who ran away.

2. Saheeh Al-Bukhari, V.5, P.101.

3. Fat-h Al-Bari  Fi Shar-h Saheeh Al-Bukhari by Ibn Hajar, V.8, P. 29.

4. Omdatul Qari Fi Shar-h Saheeh Al-Bukhari, V.17, P. 299 .

5. 'Awn Al-Ma'bood , V.7, P. 275.

6. Al-Budayah Wal-Nihayah by Ibn Katheer.

7. Al-Seerah al-Nabawiyyah by Ibn Katheer , V.4, P. 264 and V. 2, P. 89 and V.3, P. 51.

8. Seerat Ibn Hisham, V.2, V. 415.

9. Soyouti in al-Dorr al-Manthour , V. 2, V. 88 narrated from Umar himself how he ran away from the battle of Uhud. 
10. Al-Tabari in his Tafseer, V.4, P. 193 narrated from Umar how he ran away from the battle of Uhud and climbed the mountain running like a goat.

11. Kanzul Ummal by al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, V. 2, P. 376.

12. Great Sunni books of Tafseer like Al-Fakhr al-Razi (9:51) mentioned this fact.

13. Ibn Asakir in Tareekh Dimashq , V.24, P. 396.

14. Al-Hamawi in Mo'jam al-Boldan , V.4, P. 173.

15. Al-Salihi al-Shami in Sobol al-Huda , V.4, P. 206.

16. Al-Waqidi as narrated by Ibn Abi al-Hadeed, V. 15, P. 22.

17. Al-Haakim al-Nisabouri in al-Mustadrak 'ALAL-Saheehain,  V.3, P. 40.

18. Al-Mussannaf by Ibn Abi Shaibah, V.7, P. 396.

19. Al-Albani Nasser , the well known Wahabi Shaikh in his book Erwaa' al-Ghaleel, V.5, P. 53.

20. Majma' al-Zawaa'id by al Haithami, V.6, P. 136.

Wassalam.

The narrations claiming that Imam Hasan (AS) or Imam Husain (AS) fought in wars under the leadership of others are not authentic at all. We don't have any narrations in our books in this regards. Some Sunni authors like Ibn Khaldoon claimed that but with out any authentic evidence or reliable source. Ibn Khuldoon himself lived in the eighth Hijra century and never witnessed nor heard from any authentic narrators.

All the life of Ahlul Bayt (AS) was great Jihad to protect Islam and Islam remained intact just because of the Jihad of Ahlul Bayt (AS).

Wassalam.

The claimed participation of Imam Hasan and Imam Husain in any war of expansion is not authentic and does not have a trusted chain of narrators and it was never narrated in any authentic Shia reference among all of the narrations of the life of imam Hasan and Imam Husain (AS). It was mentioned in two Sunni books ( Tareekh Al-Tabari and Al-Ibrar by ibn Khaldoon who died in 808 Hijri, with out authentic chain of narrators. That is why, we can not trust such claim. We also know that the infallible can never be under leadership of a sinner. 
Expansionistic wars were motivated by rulers who wanted more wealth and more control under the slogan of Islam with out permission from the real leader of Islam after the Prophet who is Imam Ali (AS).

Wassalam.