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Writing Hadeeth was officially banned during the governments of Abu Bakr and Umar and Uthman and Bani Omayyah till the time of Umar ibn Abdul Zeez which was on years 99 till 102 after Hijra when he allowed writing Hadeeths and ordered one of Shaikhs working for the Umayyad government ( Ibn Shihab al-Zohri) to write Hadeeths which are accepted by the government that time.

Mussannaf Abdul Razzaq, Mawatta' Malik, al-Imamah wal-Siyasah are among the early books.

Wassalam.

We don't have such narration suggesting the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) is from the tribe David. David is from Ishaq (AS) while Prophet Muhammad is from Ismael (AS).

You need to ask the person who claims that to provide authentic evidence supporting his claim.

Wassalam.

This Prophetic Hadeeth (Ali in this Ummah is like the Ka'bah) has been narrated in both Shia and Sunni books including:

1. al-Soyooti in his book Thail Al-La'aali , page 62.

2. Tareekh Dimishq by Ibn Asaakir Al-Shafi'ee, V. 42, Page 356 .

3. Al-Manaaqib by Ibn Al-Maghaazili , page 107 and 149.

4. Kifayat Al-Taalib, page 161.

5. al-Manaaqub by ibn Shahrashoob , v.3, page 202.

6. Osd Al-Ghaabah by Ibn Al-Atheer, V. 4, P. 106.

7. al-Manaawi in his book Konooz Al-Haqaa'eq , page 203.

8. Al-Qondoozi Al-Hanafi in Yanabee' Al-Mawaddah, page 182.

and many other Sunni and Shia books.

The Hadeeth means among many important points that people should come to Ali for guidance and following him, and he should never go to any one for guidance or following.

Worshiping Allah in obligatory Prayers is only accepted when you face the Ka'bah, and obeying Allah is only accepted when you follow Ali as the appointed divine leader after the Prophet by order of Allah (SAWA).

Wassalam.

There is a full field of knowledge called E'lm Al-Rijaal which deals with every narrator and searching and assessing his authenticity. Deviat persons are known by our scholars of E'lm Al-Rijaal and their narrations are never accepted.

Famous  Shia books on E'lm Al-Rijaal are like Kitab Al-Rijaal  by Al-Najaashi (450 Hijri),

Rijaal Al-Kashshi (350 Hijri) ,

and  Al-Fahrist by Al-Shaikh Al-Tousi  (460 Hijri) , 

Ma'aalim Al-Ulama' by Ibn Sharashoob 588 hijri.

Khulasat Al Awwal by Al-Allama Al-Hilli  726 hujri.

Tanqeeh Al-Maqaal by Al-Mamaqani 1351 hujri.

and Mu'jam Rijaal Al-Hadeeth by Al-Khoei 1413 hijri.

We only accept narrations from authentic narrators who were always in the right path.

Wassalam.