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Imam Ali (AS) was buried in Najaf , in Iraq, and his grave in Najaf was visited by infallible Imams, so there is no question of any other place. Nevertheless, history says that a Sayyed pious person by similar name, Sayyed Ali son of Sayyed Abu Talib (Ali Ibn Abi Talib), was buried in Afghanistan before about five hundred years from now which means 8 to 9 centuries after the martyrdom of Imam Ali (AS) . Muslims of the area saw many blessings from visiting his grave and built on his grave a big Masjid and the whole city then was called Mazar Shareef.

Wassalam.

Bismihi ta'ala 

It is mentioned in history books of both Shi'a and Sunni sides that at the time of the martyrdom of Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (a.s.), 'Aishah gathered some people, mounted a mule, and prevented the Imam from being buried next to his grandfather's grave. 

In order to avoid any further bloodshed, Imam Husain (a.s.) buried his elder brother in Jannatul-Baqi' Cemetary.

With prayers for your success. 

The soul will continue on its journey to the next phase of its existence, whether or not the body is buried. If it were necessary for a body to be buried in order for the soul to progress, the earth would be packed with lost souls since so many people throughout time have died and have not had burials!

However, it is likely that performing the appropriate funeral rites may ease the transition into the next phase of existence. 

If you are concerned about someone's soul, you could pray for it. 

These four quotations from historical sources should help answer this question.

Al-Hakim, in his al-Mustadrak, states that the Prophet kept confiding in 'Ali till the time of his death. Then he breathed his last.

When the body of the Prophet (s) was being given ghusl, according to Tarikh al-Khamis, al-’Abbas, Fadhl and Qutham turned the body of the Prophet (s) from one side to the other as Usamah and Shaqran poured water over it. All of them were blind-folded.

Ibn Sa'd narrates in his al-Tabaqat from Imam 'Ali that the Prophet had so enjoined that if anyone except himself ('Ali) had given him the funeral bath, he would have gone blind.

Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr, in his al-Isti'ab, quotes 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas as saying that 'Ali had four such exceptional honours to his credit as none of us had, and he listed them all, the fourth being that he was the only person who gave the Prophet his funeral bath and lowered him in his grave.