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Abortion is a type of killing of a human being under formation, that is why it is a major sin. The Penalty of such major sin is called Diyah which is obligatory on the person who did the abortion as well as a Kaffara of killing . The Kaffara is three parts; freeing a slave, fasting two months continuously and feeding sixty poor Momin's. The amount of the Diyah depends on the number of the days of the embryo since the formation of the zygote. 
'Wassalam.

Bismihi ta'ala

If the 10 year old is a female, who has reached her shar'i age of bulugh, then yes, she will need to pay the kaffarah of 'feeding 60 poor', along with doing the qadha' of that day. 

If it was a male, then no, he does not. 

And Allah knows best. 

No Kaffara and no responsibility on a child in the age of three or four. Estighfaar is always good.

'Wassalam.

You can, but, over time, you may come to understand the meaning of the istikhara and why it was negative. 

It is not necessary to give kaffarah.