Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science.

'Amr ibn al-'As (عمرو بن العاص‎; c. 585 – 6 January 664) was an Arab military commander who led the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 640. He was a contemporary of Prophet Muhammad who rose quickly through the Muslim hierarchy following his conversion to Islam in the year 8 AH (629).

Abdallah ibn Abi Quhafah (عبد الله بن أبي قحافة‎; c. 573 CE – 23 August 634 CE), popularly known as Abu Bakr (أبو بكر‎), was a companion and—through his daughter Aisha—a father-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad.