Dr. ‘Isam al-‘Imad

ʿĀʾishah bint Abī Bakr (Arabic: عائشة‎, c. 613/614 – c. 678 CE), also transcribed as Aisha, was Prophet Muhammad's third and youngest wife.

Muawiyah I (معاوية بن أبي سفيان‎, romanized: Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān; 602 – 26 April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad caliphate, and was the second caliph from the Umayyad clan, the first being Uthman ibn Affan. In 657, Muawiya's army attacked the army of Ali ibn Abi Talib at the Battle of Siffin.