The meanings of Quranic verses must be taken from the Prophet himself as Allah (SWT) said in Quran وأنزلنا إليك الذكر لتبين للناس ما نزل إليهم
( We revealed on you the Thikr ( full knowledge of Quran) So that you explain to the people what was revealed for them). Al-Nahl, 44)
Verses which seem to suggest that any Prophet was fallible, are been misunderstood. Verses regarding Prophet Adam (AS) are been explained by the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) and his Holy Progeny confirming that Adam did not commit any sin whatsoever.
Ahlul Bayt (AS) had many debates in this subject including a very well known debate between Imam Al-Redha (AS) and Al-Ma’moon al-Abbasi, the ruler of that time, in which al-Ma’moon put to the Imam ( AS) the Quranic verses which were according his understanding, showing fallibility of some prophets, and Imam Al-Redha (AS) explained the real meaning which confirms infallibility of all the Prophets.
You may see Tanzeeh al- Anbiyaa’ by al-Shaikh al- Mofeed. تنزيه الأنبياء للشيخ النفيد.
The claim of fallibility of any Prophet goes against Quran where Allah orders people to absolutely obey the prophets. Allah will never order people to obey a sinner.
As a result of political reasons which made many Muslims who blindly follow governments of Saqeefa, away from the teachings of Ahlul Bayt ( AS) which are the real real teachings of the Prophet Muhammad ( SAWA), Muslim sects who went away from Ahlul Bayt, deprived themselves from the most authentic Islamic knowledge and took instead from outsiders. Thousands of Israelites have come into Muslims books, such as the claim that the prophets are fallible. Jewish literature attacks many prophets and even accuses them of committing major sins like adultery and drinking wine. These false ideas have penetrated into Muslims who were away from Ahlul Bayt (AS) and made many of them take such Israelites as part of their religious knowledge.
Many Sunni Shaikhs say that the Prophets are infallible in Tableegh only but fallible in their usual acts. This claim goes against what Allah (SWT) has said in Quran when He ordered all human beings to absolutely obey the Prophets.( We did not send any messenger but to be obeyed by order of Allah)(Al-Nisaa’, Verse 64). How such absolute obedience can be possible if any Prophet is fallible? Does Allah order us to obey a sinner even for a moment? That is impossible.
Some Quranic verses have been misunderstood or deviated from the real meaning which was explained by the Prophet (SAWA) and taken in accordance with non Muslim text supporting the false claim against the prophets.
Ahlul Bayt (AS) narrated the prophetic earnings of Quran which states that all the prophets are infallible.
All Shia and Sunni scholars believe the the Faqeeh has authority in the interest of the religion and Muslims. Shia scholars have discussed in their books the limits of this authority as a matter of scientific research. While all of our scholars believe in the authority of the Faqeeh, they have different opinions about its limits and boundaries . Al Naraqi was a well known Shia Scholar who wrote about this subject, but no scholar said that the authority of Faqeeh is equal to authority of infallible Imams.
Thank you for your question. An infallible is somebody who is protected from committing sin as their knowledge and faith are such that it would be completely irrational (and therefore impossible) for them to commit any kind of sin. Their purification is to such an extent that their commanding soul does not call them to sin as it is completely under the control of their intellect.
An infallible is a sinless person, but being sinless is more general and could also include someone who hasn't committed a sin yet but perhaps doesn't have the knowledge and faith to make them infallible. The two are therefore the same in that they haven't committed sin, but can also be different from the perspective of knowledge and faith. An infallible is sinless and always will be.
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