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Based on historical sources, there is about a 6-month gap between when Yazid took power, and when Imam Husayn (A) left Mecca. There was also some time gap between when Mu'awiyah died and the news reached Medina (I don't know how long it took for messages to travel then). 

Here is a timeline based on what is related:

Rajab 680 - Mu'awiyah dies
28 Rajab 680 - Imam Husayn (A) leaves Medina
3 Sha'ban 680 - Imam Husayn (A) enters Mecca
Dhu al-Hijjah - Imam Husayn (A) leaves Mecca for Iraq

 

Bismillah

Thank you for your question. It is recommended to fast for both the months of Rajab and Shaban.

May you always be successful 

Yes of course. In fact it is mentioned in many Hadeeths from the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) and his Holy Progeny Ahlul Bayt (AS) that it is recommended to fast any number of days or the whole month of Rajab and any number of days or the whole month of Sha'ban for those who can, and for those who can not fast the whole month, then to fast any number of days in Rajab and Sha'ban. The Prophet (SAWA) himself used to fast the whole month of Sha'ban and used to link it with fasting of the month of Ramadhan.

Wassalam.

Wassalam.