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Wudu is a worship and cannot be replaced by ordinary washing or shower. The recommended ghusls are described in books of fiqh and you cannot make ghusl out of those described.  

You should join immediately in the second Rak’at of the Friday congregation and it will be your first Rak’at, then when they complete the Prayer, you should get up and perform your second Rak’at, and complete your Prayer as two Rak’ats.

Bismihi Ta'aala,

Salaamun 'Alaykum,

The vast majority of contemporary Shia jurists allow for Friday prayer and state that it can replace salaat al-zuhr ( on Friday) as the Friday prayer is classified as al-wajib al-takhiyri (an optional obligation) -hence the option is there to perform either Friday prayers (along with all its attending conditions) or salaat al-zuhr.  Yes Friday prayers is discussed in the Qur'an as per an entire Sura being entitled "Friday" ( al-Jumu'ah). For instance, if one looks at Iran or Iraq you would see millions of Shia Muslims attending the various Friday prayers held in Basra, Najaf, Karbala, Tehran, Qum etc. 

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Sh.Vinay Khetia

There are some differences and many similarities in how the Jumu'a or Friday congregational prayers are conducted by the 4 Sunni schools of fiqh and the Shi'a Imamiyya.

The accurate version, of course, is with the Shi'a who held on to the teachings of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of the Prophet (s), as commanded by the Prophet (s) himself, and gave their teachings on every issue precedence over other sources of information.

The salient differences in how the Friday prayers are conducted by the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali and Ja'fari (Imami) schools of law are laid out by Shaykh Muhammad Jawad Maghniyya in his Five Schools of Islamic Law.

See - https://www.al-islam.org/prayer-salat-according-five-islamic-schools-law-allamah-muhammad-jawad-maghniyyah/friday-prayer