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None of the verse you quoted praised all the Sahaba and there is no single verse in Quran praising all of them all the times. 
 Quran praised the companions who followed and obeyed the Prophet (SAWA) and not those who disobeyed him. Quran blamed many companions for misbehaving with the Prophet like shouting at him from behind his house ( Verily , those who shout calling you from behind the houses, most of them do not have sense. (Sura Al-Hujuraat, verse 4). Many companions used to leave the Prophet while he was delivering Friday sermon (Sura 62, verse 11).

Many companions wee unhappy with the orders of th Prophet which are from Allah (Sura 8, verse 5).

Qyran has mentioned in many verses how many companions ran away from the battle field leaving the Prophet (Sura 3, verse 153). Even some of them tried assassinating the Prophet when he was returning from Tabuk. (Sura Al-Tawbah, verse 74).

We read in Quran many verses about the companions of previous prophets who disobeyed him like Prophet Musa who suffered a lot from many of his companions. This proves that not all companions are pious. We respect those companions who followed and remained obeying the Prophet (SAWA) unlike those who disobeyed him. The Prophet himself informed that many of his companions will go astray after him. This is in Saheeh Al-Bukhari (Hadeeth 6213).and Saheeh Muslim, volume 4, page 1793 (edition of Daar Iyyacheri Al-Turaath).

The claim that all the companions were pious is against Quranic verse, and against authentic Hadeeths, and it was fabricated for political reasons to justify the wrong actions committed by some companions who joined and supported tyrant rulers.

'Wassalam.

We, Shia Muslims follow the authentic Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA). We pray as he used to pray. He used to join Dhuhr with Asr, as well as Maghrib with Isha and pray separately in other times. We also believe that it is permissible to join if we want or pray separately if we want.

‘Wassalam.

There is no authentic Hadeeth on such Salat. Even Sunnis are disputing Salatul Ishraq as some of them consider it a Bid’ah while others claim it Salatul Dhuha when performed early after sunrise. Salatul Dhuha itself is Bid’ah which was not done nor allowed by the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA).

Wassalam.

Yes. 

However, it is good to keep in mind that some religious practices that are very emotional, crowded, or energetic (such as visiting the holy sites on Arbaeen) which are fine for most people may be overstimulating and trigger mental health episodes in someone vulnerable, even if one hopes for blessings and healing through them at the same time, and they can also bring healing. Also, sometimes, mental health conditions are masked as excessive religiosity and piety which are then inadvertently encouraged by people around them.
So it is good to be thoughtful about what is most appropriate to do if there are special circumstances.

Of course this is not about converting specifically but just about being mindful of one's practices when there are special circumstances.

On the other hand, some mental health conditions push people to consider spiritual matters more deeply than they would have otherwise. 

May Allah grant them healing and inshallah also intercession of Ahl Al Bayt (a).