Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad (Arabic: جعفر بن محمد الصادق‎‎; 700 or 702–765 C.E.), commonly known as Jafar al-Sadiq or simply as-Sadiq (The Truthful), was the sixth Shī'ah Imam, and a major figure in the Hanafi and Maliki schools of Sunni jurisprudence. He was a descendant of Ali on the side of his father, Muhammad al-Baqir, and of Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr on the maternal side of his family, Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim. Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr was raised by Ali, but was not his son.

Muhammad ibn ‘Alī ibn Mūsā (Arabic: محمد ابن علی ابن موسی ) (circa 12 April 811 - c. 29 November 835) was the ninth of the Twelve Imams and a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. He was also called Abu Ja'far, Ibn al-Ridha ("the son of al-Riha); al-Jawād ("the generous") and al-Taqī ("the pious").

Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī ibn Mūsā (Arabic: محمد ابن علی ابن موسی ) (circa 12 April 811 - c. 29 November 835) was the ninth of the Twelve Imams and a descendant of Muhammad. He was also called Abu Ja'far, Ibn al-Ridha ("the son of al-Riha); al-Jawād ("the generous") and al-Taqī ("the pious").

The Mahdi (Arabic: ٱلْـمَـهْـدِي‎, meaning "the guided one") is an eschatological redeemer of Islam who, according to some Islamic traditions, will appear and rule before the Day of Judgment and rid the world of evil. In most traditions, the Mahdi will arrive with 'Isa (Jesus) to defeat Al-Masih ad-Dajjal ("the false Messiah", or Antichrist). Although the concept of a Mahdi is not an essential doctrine in Sunni Islam, it is popular among both Sunni and Shia Muslims.