Abqari - a type of carpet

Ahl al-Bayt - “people of the house,” the household of the Prophet (peace be upon them), identified in hadith as the Prophet’s daughter Fatima, her husband, Ali ibn Abi-Talib, and her sons Hasan and Husayn (peace be upon them). According to Twelve-Imam Shi'as, the nine Imams who are direct descendants of Husayn ibn Ali (peace be upon them) are included in this group as well.

Barathi’ - saddle blanket, a blanket placed under the saddle of a horse, camel, or donkey

Barda - a rug woven from palm fiber

Bat-ha - gravel

Bid’ah - innovation in religion, adding something to the religion that was not originally part of the religion.

Burnis - a cloak with an attached hood

Burya - a rug woven from split reeds

Dhikr - remembrance (of God)

Dunya - material world

Fiqh - jurisprudence

Hadith - tradition, saying, or action attributed to the Prophet (peace be upon him)

Haram - forbidden and sinful

Hasan - “good,” a hadith that is not as strong as a sahih hadith, but is still good

Hasbaa - pebbles

Hasir - a large rug woven from plant fibers

Ibrad - cooling

Ijtihad - “to strive, struggle, or try hard” to derive an Islamic jurisprudential ruling from the original sources, Quran, hadith, intellect, and consensus. (What constitutes an authentic source in deriving a jurisprudential ruling has been and continues to be a subject of disagreement amongst scholars.)

‘Itra - the family of the Prophet (peace be upon them)

Jadad - flat ground with some sand on it

Jaria - female servant

Junub - A person who is in a state of ritual impurity as the result of seminal discharge or coitus

Kharita - a vessel made of skin or anything else, like a pouch

Khasfa - a large basket woven from date palm fibers

Khawarij - Kharijites, a group of people who rejected the caliphate of Ali Ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him)

Khumra - a mat woven from palm fiber used to prostrate upon

Lawh - a wide board, made of wood or bone

Madar - baked clay

Makruh - a disliked act

Marfu’ - a hadith with a missing link in the middle or the end of the chain of narrators

Matruk - a hadith that is discredited because the narrator is accused of fabrication

Mawla - convert to Islam

Muezzin - the person who recites the call to prayers

Mujtahid - a scholar of Islamic jurisprudence who has attained the level of ijtihad

Mustahab - a recommended act

Mutawatir - a hadith is considered to be mutawatir if a number of narrators at each level in the chain of narration.

Nawafil - voluntary or recommended prayers, as opposed to obligatory prayers

Rakat - a cycle of ritual prayer in Islam, standing, bowing, and prostrating twice

Safa - dead, rocky land

Sahih - a “sound” or “correct” hadith

Sajda - prostration; in jurisprudence, sajda has a technical definition, with certain conditions that need to be met for it to be considered a correct sajda.

Sajda sahw - prostration that must be performed after an obligatory prayer if a mistake is made during the prayer

Seerah - path, usually used to describe the actions of the Prophet (peace be upon him)

Sihah - “correct” books of hadith. After the Quran, the six correct books (Sihah As-Sittah) are considered the most authoritative texts in Sunni Islam.

Sunnah - tradition of the Prophet (peace be upon him)

Sura - chapter of the Quran

Tabarruk - considering something sacred (consecrated) due to its association with something sacred, such as considering the sweat of the Prophet (peace be upon him) to be sacred

Tabi’een - the generation of Muslims that came after the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) Companions (may Allah be pleased with them). One is considered a member of this group if he or she met a companion of the Prophet (peace be upon him) while believing in his prophethood and died as a Muslim.

Takbir - Saying “Allahu Akbar” in remembrance of God. It could also refer to saying other phrases, such as “subhana Allah” and “alhamdulillah.”

Taqiyya - denial of religious belief and practice in the face of persecution

Tayammum - a purification ritual performed before prayer using dirt in the absence of water

Tinfisa - a palm fiber mat the width of a cubit

Umma - nation, community

Umm al-Mu’minin - Mother of the Faithful, title for the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him)

Urf - common definition (this is a concept in Islamic jurisprudence)

Wata - carpet

Wudu - ablution, ritual washing before prayer

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