Bani Hashim are the family of the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) who have special rules in Islamic Sharia including the rule of obligatory Sadaqa being not allowed for any of them. Bani Hashim are all the grandchildren of Hashim who was the great grandfather of the Prophet (SAWA).
Sayyeds are known as children of Ali and Fatima (AS). Children of Imam Ali (AS) from other wives are from Bani Hashim but not from Fatima (AS).
Sayyeds are from family tree of the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) and we need to respect them from the sake of respecting the Prophet (SAWA) and Ahlul Bayt (AS) as far as they follow basic faith of the Prophet (SAWA) and Ahlul Bayt (AS). If a Sayyed disrespects or goes against the main facts and teachings of the Prophet and Ahlul Bayt (AS), he will not be entitled to receive the respect which he has gone against.
Piousness and Taqawi is the main criteria in Islam. Son of Prophet Noah was destroyed because he disobeyed his father. We have also in our history some Sayyeds who harmed Imam Jafar Al-Sadiq (AS) and tried to kill him like Al-Hasan al-Aftas الحسن الآفطس
‘Pious Sayyeds deserve respect as much as they are pious in following the Prophet (SAWA) and Ahlul Bayt (AS). Disobeying Sayyed is a sinner who can never like the pious Sayyed.
There is no discrimination whatsoever in Islam neither in this life nor in the hereafter. Every believer will get the reward of there good deeds equally. Obviously same good deed has different degrees of sincerity which will be reflected in the reward of it. There is no discrimination at all because of ethnic or family matters. Allah Sats in Quran ( Every one will be getting his own deeds). Sura 52, verse 21.
Husband must treat his wives equally no matter from what background they come from. The respect for Sayyida wife is must but it does not mean at all discriminating his other wife or ignoring justice in treating her. Practical justice in compulsory otherwise no permission to marry more than wife without practical justice between them.
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