Sayyed Mohammad Al-Musawi

Quran has informed about the future in a miraculous way after the defeat of the Romans. Usually the defeated nations can not stand up strongly in short period to defeat those who defeated them. Allah said in Sura Rum: And after being defeated they (Romans) will defeat (their opponents) within few years Bidh'i بضع سنين which is between three to nine or ten years. The exact number of years was not mentioned because the victory of the Romans on their enemies took few years through many battles and was not in just one year. 
'The battles took few years till the Rum defeated their enemies. Quran said: في بضع سنين Within or during few years, which is exactly what happened.

Wassalam.

It is allowed to buy shares of any company which does not do Haraam business like alcohol, gambling, pork etc.

Company with whole allowed business but taking loans from the non Muslim banks, does not make the company Haraam.

Wassalam.

Yes. In the most authentic books of Hadeeth known as Al-Tahtheeb by Al-Shaikh Al-Toosi, volume 3, page 81, there is an authentic Hadeeth narrated by Hammaad ibn Easa. This Hadeeth has the procedure of Salaat from Takbeer to Salaam in a single narrative.

Wassalam.

Haraam money is always Haraam till you give it back to the real owner. You are not allowed to use the SIM which you have purchased with Haraam money till you pay that money back to the real owner or his inheritors.

Wassalam.

Yes it is permissible to do that, even you can keep Najis leather or any other Najis items in your pocket during Salah as far as Najis items are not wet because wet Najis item will make your pocket Najis which will invalidate your Salah.

Wassalam.

Qadha fast must be performed before the next month of Ranadhan. If you delay it, then there is a Kaffara for the delaying the Qadha fast. It is feeding one poor person for every delayed day of Qadha. Feeding means giving food either ready meal or food grains like wheat or rice etc. The amount is 750 grams per person per day.

Wassalam.

Yes we can recite any Ziyarat it in the language which we understand. The amount of reward depends on the sincere intention and dedication and the love in our hearts and not just on the language only.

Wassalam.

Tawheed means not believing nor worshiping but only Allah (SWT). Shirk is believing or worshiping other than Allah with Allah (SWT). We believe that the Prophet and his Ahlul Bayt are the most humble servants of Allah. 

Prostrating at the doorstep of the Prophet (SAWA) is in fact for thanking Allah for granting us the great bounty of visiting the shrine of the Prophet (SAWA) or his Ahlul Bayt (AS). Thanking Allah in the form of prostrating is a sincere worship to Allah and can never be Shirk. We never believe nor accept any claim suggesting worshiping the Prophet, his Ahlul Bayt or any one but only Allah (SWT). Respecting the Prophet and his Ahlul Bayt does not mean worshipping them at all. Respect is completely different from worshiping. Wahhabis mix wrongly between respect and worship. Even we prostrate at the doorstep of the holy shrines, we never do it as a sign of respect but we do it as an act of thanking Allah for His great bounties on us.

Wassalam.

First of all, we as Muslims believe that Allah is The All Knowing, Most Wise, Most Merciful and we believe that everything comes from Him is based on full wisdom for our interest, that is why we never question His Wisdom in any matter. We believe that the full reason is best known by Allah (SWT), the Messenger (SAWA) and Ahlul Bayt (AS) who are the real successors of the Prophet (SAWA).

We also believe that our human abilities of thinking are limited and can never reach to everything. We know for sure that every order from Allah (SWT) is based on our benefit and we don't question the details.

Hijab is obligatory on females because Allah (SWT) who created males and females made males more attracted to females than females to males in usual situations. Hair of man can be attractive to some females in some situations but females are in general are much more attractive to males. This can be one of the reasons. Men are responsible to work hard to earn livelihood for their families. Hijab of women is for maintaining her dignity, modesty, safety and honour. Hijab also provide safe atmosphere away from sinful acts. Allah (SWT) says in Quran about Hijab on women (So that they are known so that they should not be harmed ( كي يُعرَفنَ فلا يؤذَين)) 33:59).

Wassalam.

Shi'a respect and revere every sincere Muslim who remained obeying the Prophet (SAWA). The companions who took part in the battle of Badr are fully respected unless they did wrong after that. Haatib ibn Abi Balta'ah participated in Badr battle but later on he betrayed the Prophet and Islam by writing a secret letter to the Mushriks of Makkah informing them about the preparations of the Prophet to attack the Mushriks in Makkah.( Siyar A'lamm al-Nobalaa', page 43)

Qudamah ibn Madh'oon was also in Badr battle but later on he committed major sin of drinking alcohol and was punished for that during the government of Umarvibn al-Khattab. ( Siyar A'laam al-Nubalaa' page 162 and al-Esaabah fi Tamyeez al-Sahabah).

We highly respect every companion who fulfilled his duty in obeying Allah (SWT) and the Prophet (SAWA) and did not change till the end of his life.

'Wassalam.

We do not have an evidence that Zulaikha or her husband were Mushriks. Many scholars say that if the Azeez (King) of Egypt was a Mushrik, he would have never behaved with Yousuf in the way he behaved and he would have never given him the charge in the treasury of Egypt. Zulaikha tried to do wrong against Yousuf but she could not because of the firm faith and strong will power if Yousuf. Later in she has repented and become a good person. Allah (SWT) forgives every sincere person who repents and seeks forgiveness.

Wassalam.