The Qur'an does not express these negative ideas about women. Also, the Qur'an makes everyone responsible for their own acts (that is, men cannot blame women for their actions). It also conflicts the kind and respectful way that the Prophet (S) treated his womenfolk and female sahabah. Therefore, narrations which appear to contradict the Qur'an and Sunnah can be set aside.

This particular hadith is not in any strong source books - it appears to have been taken from Jami' al-Saghir by al-Suyuti (15th century, Egyptian, Sunni) - so it can be set aside as not having any evidence to support it as an authentic statement of the Prophet (S). 

As for where it came from, possibly someone said it as a reflection of the age-old tensions between men and women in life and it became attributed to the Prophet (S). These types of negative views about women and religion existed for a long time before Islam and could have come from there.