Sayyed Mohammad Al-Musawi

Azan is recommended while Tashahhud is obligatory. Tashahhud is part and parcel of Namaz and if Tashahhud is wrongly said, Namaz will be void and invalid.

Tashahhud was taught to us by the Proohet Muhammad (SAWA) and Ahlul Bayt (AS) with ordering us to (Pray as you saw me praying) صلّوا كما رأيتموني أصلّي

Imam Jafar Al-Sadiq (AS) explained to one of his students; Hammad Ibn Easa all the steps of Namaz including Tashahhud ( ASHHADU ANLA ELAAHA ILLALLAH WAHDAHU LAA SHAREEKA LAH WA ASHHADU ANNA MUHAMMADAN ABDUHU WA RASOOLUH ALLAHUMMA SALLI 'ALA MUHAMMAD WA AALI MUHAMMAD  as we read it in al-Kaafi, 3/311. 

We are not allowed to add to Tashahhud but we are allowed to pray any prayers as supplication after Tashahhud including the names of the Infallible Imams like ALLAHUMMA SALLI 'ALA AMEERIL MO'MINEEN.

Wassalam.

Muslim female must keep herself away from harmful exposure to non Mahram men. Full Hijab is must and she should not allow any misuse to her photo or video especially if she is young or looks attractive.

'It is permissible for Muslim woman to teach or guide others through Internet including YouTube etc after being sure that she is abiding to the Islamic teachings which aims to protect her from any type of exploitation.

Wassalam.

 It is not a concept but a fact to believe that Allah created every thing in the universe including skies, earths, stars, planets and galaxies. Seven skies created by Allah (SWT) are mentioned in Quran in many verses (2:29 and 41:12 and 65:12 and 67:3 and 71:15).  Allah, The Glorious has created the color spectrum as seven and layers of the earth as seven and many other phenomena in this universe in seven. He knows the wisdom behind it and we are unable to understand it due to our limited thinking abilities. We believe in His Absolute Wisdom, Absolute Knowledge, and Absolute Mercy and we have no doubt that every thing He creates is based on full wisdom.

Wassalam.

It was wrong to do second Istikhara after you have done the first one. Istikhara is one time only for one matter and there is no meaning to second Istikhara unless the matter has changed and became another matter.

'You are advised to act upon the first Istikhara.

'Wassalam.

Yes, Alawites are Muslims like all other Muslim sects.

'Wassalam.

No it is not true to claim that.

Human beings do not have their own Jinn.

Jinn have their own world of Jinn.

We read in Quran that those men who try to seek help from the Jinn suffer more. Sura al-Jinn, verse 6.

Wassalam.

The father is responsible to provide livelihood expenses for his children till that are able to earn or be away from need. 
Some fathers who don't live with their children think that they are not in need. You need to inform your father clearly that you need his support for your livelihood expenses. After informing him, he should respond, but if he does not, then try to talk to persons who have influence on him to remind him about his responsibility towards his own daughter. You can also request the religious authority who is Marje of Taqleed or his representative to ask your father to fulfill his duty.

Wassalam.

No Kaffara and no responsibility on a child in the age of three or four. Estighfaar is always good.

'Wassalam.

Not valid at all.

'Talaq has many conditions to be valid one of them is not be in anger and must be witnessed by two pious men and many other conditions.

'Wassalam.

No. We don't have any authentic evidence that the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) or any of his holy Progeny Ahlul Bayt (As) moved index finger during Tashahhud in prayers.

None of the authentic Hadeeths suggest that.

'Wassalam.

Yes of course. It is not only permissible, but it can be a very noble act to help a rape victim to build her life and get her out of the sufferings which were imposed on her with out any fault from her. Those who help others will be helped and blessed by Allah (SWT).

Wassalam.

Sharia law is for Muslims who believe and obey Allah and not for non Muslims.

When Muslims want to implement the Islamic law which is known as Sharia law, it is their decision and no one can object on them as we don't object on people who opt to follow their own way of legislation in any part of the world. It is part of the basic rights to believe in your own faith and implement it.

Holding a government position  in secular countries is permissible for Muslims as far as they don't indulge in injustice or sinful acts.

'Wassalam.