`Uthman b. `Affan

Uthman ibn Affan (Arabic: عثمان بن عفان‎, romanized: ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān), also known in English by the Turkish and Persian rendering Osman (579/583 – 17 June 656), was a companion of the Prophet Muhammad and the third person to occupy the seat of caliphate after the Prophet.

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Sunni-Shi'a . Marwan b. al-Hakam . `Uthman b. `Affan

Could you share Sunni references indicating that the third caliph was related to Marwan, whom the Prophet expelled, and that he appointed them to leadership roles, resulting in his assassination for contradicting the Prophet's principles?

Sayyed Mohammad Al-Musawi, Sayyed Mohammad al-Musawi is originally from Iraq and heads up the World Ahlul Bayt Islamic League in London. Other than being involved in various humanitarian projects, he frequently responds to... Answered 10 months ago

It is a known fact in books of history and Hadeeth that Marwan ibn al-Hakam was a cousin brother if Uthman ibn Affan. Famous Sunni scholar Al-Dhahabi mentioned this fact in his book (Siyar A'laam al-Nubalaa') 3:476 . There is no dispute between historians that Marwan ibn al-Hakam was cousin brother and son in law of Uthman ibn Affan.

Wassalam.

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Daughter . Sermon . Marriage . Nahj al-Balagha . `Uthman b. `Affan

Did the caliph Usman really marry a daughter of the Prophet (PBUH) as mentioned in Sermon 164 of Nahj al-Balagha?

Zaid Alsalami, Shaykh Dr Zaid Alsalami is an Iraqi born scholar, raised in Australia. He obtained a BA from Al-Mustafa University, Qom, and an MA from the Islamic College in London. He also obtained a PhD from... Answered 2 years ago

Bismihi ta'ala

The expression used in this khutbah is:

وَقَدْ نِلْتَ مَنْ صَهْرِهِ مَا لَمْ يَنَالاَ

and you also hold relationship to him by marriage which they do not hold.

There are different views regarding this, but what can most certainly be said is that the Prophet (s.a.w.) only had one living child, Seyyidah Fatimah al-Zahraa (a.s.).

As for what this is referring to, the view is that 'Uthman was married to Ruqayah and Um Kulthum, the adopted or step-daughters of the Prophet (s.a.w.). The reason why I say adopted or step-daughters is that there is a strong view that Seyidah Khadijah (a.s.) was not married before the Prophet (s.a.w.), nor did she have any children. It is said they are the daughters of Seyidah Khadijah's sister Halah.

Anyway, there are different opinions regarding this, and for further reading, please visit this link [Arabic]:

https://hawzah.net/ar/Question/View/61641/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8...

And Allah knows best.

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Qur'an . Qur'an Compilation . Imam Ali b. Abi Talib . `Uthman b. `Affan

What were the differences, if any, between the Quran compiled by Imam Ali and Uthman? If there were differences how do we know what we have today is unaltered?

Amina Inloes, Amina Inloes is originally from the US and has a PhD in Islamic Studies from the University of Exeter on Shi'a hadith. She is the program leader for the MA Islamic Studies program at the... Answered 3 years ago

Insofar as we do not physically have the Qur'anic manuscript compiled by Imam 'Ali, it is not possible to answer this question with the certainty that comes from seeing things with one's own eyes. Rather, it is necessary to rely on historical reports, and the validity of historical reports can be debated.

Anyway, one difference is that it is reported that Imam 'Ali added commentary and explanations to the codex that he compiled, including an explanation of when/why the ayat were revealed (asbab al-nuzul) and also a broader explanation of the ayat.

It is also reported that Imam 'Ali's manuscript was arranged chronologically, in order of the date of revelation, whereas the 'Uthmanic codex is not arranged chronologically.

In any case, we have been told by the Imams to use the codex that we have today as it is, so it is good to have faith that this is what we are meant to be using.

Allah knows best.

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Qur'an . `Uthman b. `Affan

Had Usman Ibn Affan changed the original text of the Quran while compiling it?

No. No one can change Quranic text at all. Usman took the same Quran which was compiled by Ameerul Mo'mineen Ali (AS) with the meanings of verses, and removed the meanings and write the text only with out any meaning.

Wassalam.

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Marriage . `Uthman b. `Affan

Why did the Prophet (SAW) marry two of his adopted daughters to Usman Ibn Affan?

There is no evidence what so ever that the Prophet himself allowed such marriage. Both of the ladies were divorcees of two sons of Abu Lahab, the enemy-uncle of the Prophet (SAWA). After their divorce, they were free to marry whom so ever they wanted from Muslims. In fact, the real daughter of the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) was Fatima (AS) and he marriage was by order of Allah (SWT). It is mentioned in Sunni books that when Ruqayyah passed away, the Prophet (SAWA) did not allow Othman to attend her funeral.

Wassalam.

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Battle of Uhud . Hypocrites . Qur'anic Verse . Sunni-Shi'a . Abu Bakr . `Umar b. al-Khattab . `Uthman b. `Affan

The Qur'anic verse 3:167 clearly exposes those who turned back on the way to Uhud as hypocrites. Why weren't Abu Bakr, Omar, and Uthman, who all took part in the battle at Uhud, exposed if they were a bigger threat to Islam according to the Shia view?

Simple search in Sunni books of Hadeeth leads to the fact that all the three whom you named ran away from the Jihad.

1. Abu Bakr:

Al-Haakim Al-Nisaboori who is one of the well known Sunni scholars narrated in his famous book Al-Mustadrak Alal Saheehayn, Volume 3, Page 37 that Abu Bakr ran away.

2. Umar:

In Saheeh Bukhari and Dalaa'l Al-Sidq , V. 1, P.362 and Noor Al-Absaar by Shiblanji, P. 87, you find that Umar ran away.

3. Uthman:

Ibn Katheer (student of Ibn Yatmiyyah) mentioned in his books Al-Bidayah Wal Nihayah V.4, P. 28 that Uthman ran away.

Many other Muslims have also run away from the battles due to weakness in the faith. Only the firm and strong in faith stood fast and never ran away.

Exposing the hypocrites was declared in Quran by their deeds but not by their names. Same was done by the Prophet (SAWA) who did not expose their names.

The Prophet (SAWA) has clearly stated that many of his companions will change and turn back from right path after him then will be sent to hellfire. (Saheeh Bukhari, Hadeeth number 4259

and Saheeh Bukhari, Hadeeth number 6098,

and Saheeh Bukhari , Hadeeth number 6099,

and Saheeh Bukhari, Hadeeth number 6026,

and Saheeh Bukhari, Hadeeth number 6528.

Wassalam.

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Imam Ali b. Abi Talib . Imam al-Hasan . Imam Husayn . `Uthman b. `Affan . Sunni-Shi'a

Did Imam Ali (as) order Imam Hassan (as) and Imam Hussein (as) to protect Uthman while he was a caliph? If so, why did he do that?

Rebecca Masterton, Dr Rebecca Masterton graduated with a BA in Japanese Language and Literature; an MA in Comparative East Asian and African Literature and a PhD in Islamic literature of West Africa. She has been... Answer updated 5 years ago

A good book to read on this is The Succession to Muhammad [s] by Wilferd Madelung, who explains very clearly the subtleties of the political situation of 'Uthman. 'Uthman had incited fury among Egyptians, Kufans and others because of his nepotism and awarding his family property that belonged to the umma. He had also cut 'Aisha's stipend, angering her. The Egyptians came as a delegation to 'Uthman with their grievances, but he refused to listen to them. Instead, he appealed to Imam Ali (as) to tell them to go away. Imam 'Ali (as) warned 'Uthman more than once that in order to calm the situation, he must listen to their grievances and correct his actions. 'Uthman refused to listen, and so Imam 'Ali (as) distanced himself. 'A'isha sent out letters inciting those who were angry with 'Uthman to kill him. 'Uthman's palace was stormed. Interestingly, 'Uthman was abandoned by his cousin Marwan and his sons in his time of need. Imam 'Ali (as) sent just Imam Hasan (as) (not Imam Husayn) and some others to try to calm the crowds, but they went ahead and killed 'Uthman. Because Imam 'Ali (as) had not directly intervened, Aisha later took advantage of this and accused him of being responsible for 'Uthman's murder. She used this allegation to try to overthrow Imam Ali (as). Imam 'Ali (as) says in sermon 30 in Nahj al-Balagha that both parties were in the wrong: 'Uthman was wrong for misappropriating property and governing badly; and the Egyptians and others were wrong for murdering 'Uthman, basically meaning that the grievances should have been addressed through a legal process: "If I had ordered his assassination I would have been his killer, but if I had prevented others from killing him I would have been his helper... I am putting before you his case. He appropriated wealth and did it badly. You protested against it and committed excesses therein. With Allah lies the real verdict between the appropriator and the protestor.' Thus, in sending Imam Hasan (as) to try to calm the crowds, Imam 'Ali (as) was not actually siding with 'Uthman, nor supporting him, but was rather trying to prevent excessive and unlawful behaviour on behalf of the aggrieved parties.